CLUSTER / THE DECISION MAP
Enforcement, market surveillance, penalties, AI Office and AI Board.
Who enforces the Act, how market surveillance works, and what penalties and remedies the Act provides.
IN THIS CLUSTER
12 guides.
How Is the EU AI Act Enforced?
An overview of AI Act enforcement: the AI Office, national competent authorities and market surveillance authorities, the market surveillance procedure, corrective action, penalties and complaints, and how the pieces fit together.
Read guide ↗CLUSTER ARTICLEWhat Does the AI Office Do?
The AI Office: its establishment within the Commission, its supervision of general-purpose AI models and specified systems, its investigative powers, and how its role differs from national authorities.
Read guide ↗CLUSTER ARTICLEWhat Does the European Artificial Intelligence Board Do?
The AI Board: its composition, its advisory and coordination tasks, how it supports consistent application across Member States, and how its role differs from enforcement.
Read guide ↗CLUSTER ARTICLEWhat Do the Scientific Panel and Advisory Forum Do?
The Scientific Panel of independent experts and the Advisory Forum of stakeholders: their composition, their advisory tasks, qualified alerts on systemic-risk models, and how their input differs from a legal decision.
Read guide ↗CLUSTER ARTICLEWhat Are National Competent Authorities Under Article 70?
National competent authorities, notifying authorities and market surveillance authorities: designation, independence, the single point of contact, and how national supervision divides from Union-level supervision.
Read guide ↗CLUSTER ARTICLEHow Does Market Surveillance Work Under Article 74?
The market surveillance procedure in Chapter IX: how authorities evaluate risk and non-compliance, what information they can require, and the sequence from evaluation to corrective action.
Read guide ↗CLUSTER ARTICLEWhat Corrective Actions, Restrictions and Withdrawals Can Authorities Order?
Corrective action under Chapter IX: the sequence from requiring compliance to restriction, prohibition, recall and withdrawal, formal non-compliance, and what an operator should do when a measure is imposed.
Read guide ↗CLUSTER ARTICLEWhat Penalties Apply Under Article 99?
Penalties under Article 99: the three tiers of maximum fines, how Member States set penalty rules, the factors that shape an amount, the lower-of rule for SMEs and start-ups, and what the figures do not cover.
Read guide ↗CLUSTER ARTICLEWhat Fines Apply to General-Purpose AI Providers Under Article 101?
Fines for general-purpose AI model providers under Article 101: the maximum, the infringements covered, periodic penalty payments, the Commission procedure, and how Article 101 differs from Article 99.
Read guide ↗CLUSTER ARTICLEHow Can a Person Complain Under Article 85?
The right to lodge a complaint with a market surveillance authority: who can complain, what a complaint should contain, how authorities handle complaints, and how complaints relate to other remedies.
Read guide ↗CLUSTER ARTICLEWhat Rights to Explanation and Remedies Does the AI Act Provide?
Remedies beyond complaints: the right to an explanation of individual decision-making under Article 86, protection for persons reporting infringements under Article 87, and judicial remedies in outline.
Read guide ↗CLUSTER ARTICLEWho Supervises AI Use by EU Institutions?
Supervision of EU institutions, bodies, offices and agencies under the AI Act: the role of the European Data Protection Supervisor, the exception for the Court of Justice, and how institutional supervision differs from national supervision.
Read guide ↗